He kristal keʻokeʻo paʻa a i ʻole he kristal nila kala ʻole ka waikawa Benzoic me ke ʻano C6H5COOH. He ʻala palupalu a ʻoluʻolu hoʻi kona. Ma muli o kona mau waiwai like ʻole, loaʻa nā noi o ka waikawa benzoic ma nā ʻoihana like ʻole, me ka mālama ʻana i ka meaʻai, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, a me nā mea hoʻonani.

Loaʻa maoli ka waikawa Benzoic a me kāna mau esters i nā ʻano mea kanu a me nā holoholona like ʻole. ʻO ka mea nui, he nui nā hua he nui i loaʻa ka nui o ka nui, ma kahi o 0.05%. Hiki i nā hua pala o kekahi mau ʻano Vaccinium, e like me ka cranberry (V. vitis-idaea) a me ka bilberry (V. myrtillus), ke loaʻa nā pae waikawa benzoic manuahi mai 0.03% a i 0.13%. Eia kekahi, hoʻopuka nā ʻāpala i ka waikawa benzoic i ka wā e loaʻa ai ka maʻi fungus Nectria galligena. Ua ʻike ʻia kēia hui i loko o nā ʻōpū kūloko a me nā ʻiʻo o ka pōhaku ptarmigan (Lagopus muta), a me nā huna glandular o nā kāne muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) a me nā ʻelepani bipi ʻĀsia (Elephas maximus). Eia kekahi, hiki i ka gum benzoin ke loaʻa a hiki i ka 20% benzoic acid a me 40% o kāna mau esters.

ʻO ka waikawa Benzoic, i loaʻa mai ka ʻaila cassia, he kūpono ia no nā mea hoʻonani i hoʻokumu ʻia i nā mea kanu.

Ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka waikawa Benzoic

1. ʻO ka hana ʻana o ka phenol e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka benzoic acid. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia e hiki ke loaʻa ka phenol mai ka benzoic acid ma o ke kaʻina hana o ka mālama ʻana i ka benzoic acid i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia me kahi kinoea oxidizing, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ea, me ka mahu ma nā mahana mai 200°C a 250°C.

2. Hana ka waikawa Benzoic ma ke ʻano he mea mua i ka benzoyl chloride, kahi mea nui i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻano kemika like ʻole, nā kala, nā ʻala, nā herbicides, a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau. Eia kekahi, ke hele nei ka waikawa benzoic i ka metabolism e hana i nā benzoate esters, benzoate amides, thioesters o benzoates, a me benzoic anhydride. He mea hoʻonohonoho koʻikoʻi ia i loko o nā hui koʻikoʻi he nui i loaʻa i ke kūlohelohe a he mea nui ia i nā kemika organik.

3. ʻO kekahi o nā hoʻohana nui o ka benzoic acid ʻo ia ka mea mālama i loko o ka ʻoihana meaʻai. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ia i nā mea inu, nā huahana huaʻai, a me nā mea ʻono, kahi e pāʻani ai i kahi kuleana koʻikoʻi i ka pale ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻōpala, nā mea hū, a me kekahi mau bacteria.

4. Ma ke kahua o nā lāʻau lapaʻau, hoʻohui pinepine ʻia ka waikawa benzoic me ka waikawa salicylic e hoʻoponopono i nā kūlana ʻili fungal e like me ka wāwae o ka mea pāʻani, ka ringworm, a me ka jock itch. Eia kekahi, hoʻohana ʻia ia i nā ʻano hana topical ma muli o kona hopena keratolytic, e kōkua ana i ka wehe ʻana i nā warts, corns, a me nā calluses. Ke hoʻohana ʻia no nā kumu lāʻau lapaʻau, hoʻopili pinepine ʻia ka waikawa benzoic ma ke ʻano topical. Loaʻa ia i nā ʻano like ʻole, me nā kirīmi, nā poni, a me nā pauka. ʻO ka nui o ka waikawa benzoic i loko o kēia mau huahana maʻamau mai 5% a 10%, pinepine ʻia me kahi like o ka waikawa salicylic. No ka mālama pono ʻana i nā maʻi ʻili fungal, he mea nui e hoʻomaʻemaʻe a hoʻomaloʻo i ka wahi i hoʻopilikia ʻia ma mua o ka hoʻopili ʻana i kahi papa lahilahi o ka lāʻau. Manaʻo pinepine ʻia ka noi ʻana i ʻelua a ʻekolu manawa i ka lā, a ʻo ka pili ʻana i ke alakaʻi a kahi loea mālama ola he mea nui ia no ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā hopena maikaʻi loa.

Manaʻo pinepine ʻia ka waikawa Benzoic he palekana ke hoʻohana pono ʻia; akā naʻe, hiki ke alakaʻi i nā hopena ʻaoʻao i kekahi poʻe. ʻO nā hopena ʻaoʻao i hōʻike pinepine ʻia e pili ana i nā hopena ʻili kūloko e like me ka ʻulaʻula, ka maneʻo, a me ka huhū. He palupalu a pōkole kēia mau hōʻailona, ​​​​ʻoiai hiki ke hōʻoluʻolu ʻole no kekahi. Inā hoʻomau a hoʻonui paha ka huhū, he mea kūpono ke hoʻōki i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka huahana a ʻimi i ke alakaʻi mai kahi loea mālama ola.

ʻO ka poʻe i ʻike ʻia he hypersensitivity i ka benzoic acid a i ʻole kekahi o kāna mau mea hoʻohui, pono e hōʻole i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā huahana i loaʻa kēia hui. Eia kekahi, ua pāpā ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma nā ʻeha hāmama a i ʻole ka ʻili haki, no ka mea, ʻo ka omo ʻana o ka waikawa ma o ka ʻili i hoʻopilikia ʻia e hiki ke hopena i ka ʻawaʻawa systemic. Hiki i nā hōʻailona o ka ʻawaʻawa systemic ke komo pū me ka nausea, ka luaʻi ʻana, ka ʻeha ʻōpū, a me ka poniuniu, e pono ai ke komo koke ʻana o ke kauka.

Paipai ʻia nā wahine hāpai a me nā wahine hānai waiū e kūkākūkā me kā lākou mea mālama ola ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā huahana i loaʻa ka benzoic acid e hōʻoia i ka palekana no lākou iho a me kā lākou mau pēpē. ʻOiai ua kaupalena ʻia nā hōʻike e pili ana i nā hopena o ka benzoic acid i ka wā hāpai a me ka lactation, he mea naʻauao mau ke kau mua i ka akahele.

I ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo, he hui waiwai nui ka benzoic acid me nā ʻano hana like ʻole. ʻO kona kūlohelohe, nā waiwai mālama, a me ka versatility e lilo ia i mea waiwai nui i nā ʻoihana like ʻole. Eia nō naʻe, he mea nui e hoʻohana pono a kuleana hoʻi i ka benzoic acid, e hahai ana i nā alakaʻi i ʻōlelo ʻia a kūkākūkā me kahi loea mālama ola kino i ka wā e pono ai.