ʻEnema holoi

I ke kaʻina hana holoi enzyme, hana nā cellulases ma luna o ka cellulose i hōʻike ʻia ma luna o nā olonā pulupulu, e hoʻokuʻu ana i ka dye indigo mai ka lole. Hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ka hopena i loaʻa e ka holoi enzyme ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka cellulase o ka pH neutral a acidic paha a ma ka hoʻolauna ʻana i ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka mechanical ma o nā ʻano e like me nā pōpō kila.

I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe, ua manaʻo ʻia nā pono o ka holoi ʻana i ka Enzyme he mea hoʻomau ma mua o ka holoi ʻana i ka pōhaku a i ʻole ka holoi ʻakika no ka mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka wai. ʻO nā ʻāpana pumice i koe mai ka holoi ʻana i ka pōhaku e koi ana i ka nui o ka wai e hoʻopau ʻia, a ʻo ka holoi ʻakika e pili ana i nā pōʻaiapuni holoi he nui e hana i ka hopena i makemake ʻia. [5] ʻO ke ʻano substrate-specificity o nā enzymes e hoʻomaʻemaʻe hou i ke ʻano hana ma mua o nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe o ka hana ʻana i ka denim.

Loaʻa iā ia nā hemahema, I ka holoi ʻana i ka enzyme, ʻo ka dye i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ka hana enzymatic he ʻano ia e waiho hou ma luna o ka lole ("back staining"). Ua hoʻohewa nā loea holoi ʻo Arianna Bolzoni lāua ʻo Troy Strebe i ka maikaʻi o ka denim i holoi ʻia e ka enzyme i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka denim i holoi ʻia e ka pōhaku akā ua ʻae ʻo ia ʻaʻole e ʻike ʻia ka ʻokoʻa e ka mea kūʻai maʻamau.

A e pili ana i ka Mōʻaukala, I ka waena o nā makahiki 1980, ʻo ka ʻike ʻana i ka hopena o ka holoi pōhaku i ke kaiapuni a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā lula kaiapuni i hoʻoulu ai i ke koi no kahi koho hoʻomau. Ua hoʻolauna ʻia ka holoi ʻana o ka enzyme ma ʻEulopa i ka makahiki 1989 a ua lawe ʻia ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka makahiki aʻe. Ua lilo ke ʻano hana i kumuhana o ka noiʻi ʻepekema ikaika loa mai ka hopena o nā makahiki 1990. I ka makahiki 2017, ua hoʻomohala ʻo Novozymes i kahi ʻano hana e pīpī pololei i nā enzymes ma luna o ka denim i loko o kahi ʻōnaehana mīkini holoi pani ma mua o ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā enzymes i kahi mīkini holoi hāmama, e hoʻemi hou ana i ka wai e pono ai no ka holoi ʻana o ka enzyme.